Contrary to this argument, an analysis of data unique to each participant with aphasia revealed that rhyme and cohort competition effects are negatively correlated. Conventional explanations for these results assert that subjects with Broca’s or Wernicke’s aphasia have two different impairments, thus giving rise to varied patterns of rhyme and cohort competition. Across all aphasic participants, a negative correlation was found between rhyme and cohort competition effects. found larger rhyme effects in Broca’s aphasic participants and larger cohort effects in Wernicke’s participants. When compared to an age-matched control group, Mirman et al. In a study, participants were studied by examining the duration of fixation on rhymes (e.g., “carrot-parrot”) and cohorts (e.g., “beaker-beetle”). In regard to people who have had a stroke, eye-tracking and priming has been used to investigate lexical processing in Broca’s (left inferior frontal gyrus) and Wernicke’s (left posterior superior temporal gyrus) areas of the brain in people with aphasia (i.e., people who are unable to speak, but can understand others when they speak, usually due to a stroke). ERPs have also been used to assess attitudes towards presented stimuli, providing further evidence that a direct correlation between the types of stimuli and the resulting ERPs exists. Unpleasant words were shown to elicit a higher amplitude (i.e., demonstrably stronger ERPs) in the ERP components P100 (P1), N100 (N1), P200 (P2), and P300 (P3), suggesting that higher amplitudes may indicate negative priming (i.e., the presence of negative stimuli). These studies concluded that prolonged exposure to positive or negative stimuli influences people’s affective states (e.g., motivation, arousal, and valence) and processing styles (e.g., auditory and visual). However, other studies have indicated that positive mood changes are associated with heuristic processing of stimuli (i.e., processing based on past experience and memory), whereas negative mood changes are associated with analytic processing. Perhaps the question now is, can ERP capture the mood changes in a priming experiment, and if this is the case, which component in the ERP needs to be examined to quantify the mood change? A study suggested that variations in mood during priming experiments can be examined after repeated exposure to positive or negative stimuli. Experiments conducted in one study showed that the orientation/alignment of the object likely has no effect on object-naming performance. The current design of perceptual priming experiments is based on earlier documentation, which suggested that the time required to recognize previously perceived objects decreases through subsequent exposure. This, along with other studies that have calculated time costs for recognition, have led to the notion that different shapes are stored in the memory on a specified scale. Jolicoeur stated that the “recognition” latency of a particular shape is lengthened with variation in its size. Biederman and Cooper showed that the magnitude of perceptual priming is independent of the object’s size, but the reaction times and error rates for identical responses in old-new shape judgments were increased by changes in object size. Perceptual priming is concerned with physical correlations between the properties of the target stimuli and the prime.
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